Modern Construction imposes on plastic window, the highest requirements for thermal protection, energy conservation, sound insulation, environmental friendliness, durability and longevity. In addition, consumers remain highly relevant protection against hacking and penetration of the uninvited guests.
To provide these functions have been developed various kinds of glasses. Some necessary properties of glass are set on the stage of its manufacture. Accordingly, before proceeding to the manufacture of glass, you need a good understanding of the conditions under which it will operate.
Float glass
Float glass - the most common type of glass, the resulting float method in which the glass at the furnace outlet melt poured onto the surface of molten tin and then passed through a cooling zone for further processing. Float glass is characterized by exceptional evenness and lack of optical defects.
Ferroglass
Reinforced glass - glass with metal mesh, safe and flame retardant. In case of fire forms an effective barrier to smoke and hot gases. Although wired glass may crack, armature still keep it in place, restraining the spread of fire.
Laminated glass or laminated glass
Laminated glass or laminated glass - glass, consisting of several layers of glass laminated together with a special film, notable for their durability. Fracture of glass, it remains on the film. For a quality triplex called "safety glass".
The main objective of the triplex - to prevent forcible entry. In addition, laminated glass reduces the danger from flying debris (glass breaks, but remains in the frame). Laminated glass to help protect the premises from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation (protects from fading furniture, wallpaper, etc.). Laminated glass is also able to effectively reduce the impact of unwanted noise.
Sunscreen glass
Solar control glass - glass, which can reduce the transmission of light and solar thermal energy. These glasses are, for example, painted on the entire mass of glass in the following colors: interim between the bronze and brown, gray and green. And also some of the coated glass.
Patterned glass
Patterned glass - float glass, one surface of which has a decorative treatment. Patterned glass is made of different colors, patterns, different thickness may have a different haze.
Selective glass
Selective glass - glass which has a coating with low emissivity (low-emission). Insulating ability of the selective glass is much higher than usual. Solar short-wave thermal radiation penetrates the glass well, and tends to come out long-wave radiation reflected from the surface effectively. The selective coating can be applied simultaneously with the process of manufacturing glass either by plasma spraying in vacuum.
Tempered glass
Tempered glass - glass, which in comparison with ordinary glass by chemical or thermal treatment increases the resistance to shock and temperature changes. With the destruction of tempered glass breaks into small pieces safe.
"Soft" self-cleaning glass
"Soft" self-cleaning glass. In 2002, the British firm Pilkington introduced the world's first self-cleaning glass. Pilkington Activ glass is produced by magnetron sputtering of a thin transparent coating of titanium oxide. By ultraviolet radiation, this material provokes a chemical reaction of decomposing organic compounds on the surface of the glass. During the rain washed away all the dirt. Thus, this kind of glasses do not need to be cleaned by special means.
The most common in the manufacture of windows is float glass. Glass produced by this method is characterized by a uniform thickness, excellent surface quality, the lack of optical defects. Double-glazed window is almost the entire area of the window. Therefore, the quality of manufacturing glass to a large extent depend on the operational properties of the structure as a whole. Cheap windows can be an expensive nuisance (fogging inside and outside the glass, freezing, the effect of draft, even with closed doors).
Double-glazed window consists of two or more glasses, which are separated by air or gas gap and hermetically connected along the contour using a special (remote) frame. This kind of glass-air "sandwich" provides excellent thermal protection with modern windows and sound insulation properties.
Remote Frame, which separates the glass in the windows, cut, usually made of aluminum profiles. This hollow frame perforated. Inside filled a special ingredient - a molecular sieve that absorbs moisture from the space between the panes. This prevents fogging of glass inside the glass. New moisture inside will not fall, because the whole block is filled with the ends of the glass sealant.
Double-glazed windows can be one-, two-, three-chamber. What does this mean? Under the camera in this case refers to the gap (air or gas) between the panes. Thus, a single-chamber glass consists of two pieces of glass with air space between them, triple-pane windows includes three windows.
In addition, the windows are of different widths (24 mm, 32 mm, 36 mm, 42 mm). Energy-saving properties of glass depend on the number of glasses and their kind. For example, on the inner side of the twin-glass with ordinary glass condensate formed even at -8 ° C, two-chamber - at -18 ° C, provided that the room optimum temperature and humidity conditions of operation.
So the choice of glass depends entirely on the claims presented to it by the customer. It should be noted that the choice of glass designs can be limited by features of the profile system and the technical conditions of a particular window production.
Energy-saving double-glazed windows and shumoponizhayuschie properties can be improved through the use of special glass. Studies have shown that the bulk of the heat loss due to thermal radiation. To reduce this type of radiation have been developed so-called energy-saving glass.
Giving the special properties of glass is provided with drawing on the surface of low-emission optical coatings. Such coatings can penetrate into the room shortwave solar radiation, but also prevents the outward long-wave heat radiation from heating devices.
Currently there are two types of coatings: "Solid» (k-glass) and soft »(i-glass). To obtain the first type of low-emissivity glass directly in the manufacture of its surface by chemical reactions applied in a thin transparent coating. Such a coating reduces the loss due to radiation of about 7-8 times compared to pure glass. The second type includes glass of coated by vacuum deposition. They allow you to reduce the emission of a few dozen times.
Low-E glass in the heating season "returns" to the apartment of 70 (k-glass) to 90% (i-glass), heat waves emanating from the heating devices. In summer, it reflects the thermal infrared part of solar radiation. As a result, in winter the room gets warmer in the summer - cooler.
In addition, to reduce heat loss windows can be filled with inert gas. For filling, various inert gases or mixtures thereof. In a closed space between the panes can be dry air or inert gas such as argon or krypton. Since the gas has higher density, heat losses that occur due to convection and heat transfer inside the glass are reduced. Thus, the heat-shielding characteristics of glass with an inert gas is higher than that of design, filled with air.
